CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS AGED 12–14 ENGAGED IN FOOTBALL DURING EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31891/pcs.2026.2.4Keywords:
adolescents aged 12-14, functional state, cardiovascular system, football, extracurricular activitiesAbstract
The article addresses the problem of decreased physical activity levels and deterioration in the health status of adolescents under modern conditions. The relevance of the study is substantiated by the widespread sedentary lifestyle, increased psycho-emotional stress, and reduced functional capacity of the body. Special attention is paid to the functional state of the cardiovascular system, assessed using relevant indicators and indices. The expediency of introducing extracurricular football activities as an effective means of increasing physical activity, improving the functional state of the cardiovascular system, and promoting adolescents’ health is emphasized. The aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the functional indicators of the cardiovascular system in adolescents aged 12–14 engaged in football during extracurricular activities, in order to substantiate the content and structure of such training. A set of general scientific and specific research methods was applied, including analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, systematization, observation, medical-biological methods, and methods of mathematical statistics. To assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured, and the following indices were calculated: Robinson index (RI), Kerdo index (KI), circulatory efficiency coefficient (CEC), adaptive potential (AP), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO), type of circulatory self-regulation (TCSR), total peripheral resistance (TPR), endurance coefficient (EC), Ruffier index (RI), and reaction index (“Belgian test”, RI). The study involved 15 adolescents aged 12–14 who participated in extracurricular football activities at Gymnasium No. 34 in Zaporizhzhia. The obtained results indicate that, despite the compliance of the main hemodynamic indicators with age-related norms, most adolescents demonstrate tension of regulatory mechanisms, reduced efficiency of the cardiovascular system, and limited functional reserves. This substantiates the need for the development and implementation of targeted physical education programs, particularly extracurricular football activities, aimed at enhancing the adaptive capacity of the body.
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