BIOMECHANICAL CRITERIA FOR SPORTS SELECTION AND ORIENTATION OF GIRLS TO RUNNING ATHLETICS: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

The scientific work analyzed the key biomechanical criteria for sports selection and orientation of girls to running athletics. The main criteria for choosing a specialization for girls are morphological indicators, such as: height, leg length, body weight, body type. And for the potential capabilities of athletes in running disciplines, the following are assessed: speed, speed-strength abilities, endurance, coordination, flexibility.

To assess the functional capabilities of the body, the level of aerobic endurance, maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max), heart rate, recovery rate after various loads should be determined.

An important criterion for controlling the psychological properties of girls of different ages: motivation for training and competitive activities, stress resistance, ability to concentrate, temperament type. An informative indicator of biological age and individual rates of physical development in girls is the period of puberty, hormonal changes in the body, which directly affect performance indicators. In practical activities, coaches can actively use pedagogical observations, testing of individual physical qualities, medical-biological and anthropometric examinations, systematic analysis of the effectiveness of the educational and training process. Some authors also note different age limits for the start of specialization.

The publication describes in detail the biomechanical criteria for the selection of girls, namely: the length and frequency of steps (efficiency of movement, maintaining the appropriate speed); angular parameters of movements (flexion angles in different joints, angles of inclination of the torso and limbs, total amplitude of movements); force and power of repulsion of running steps; time parameters of foot contact with the support (steppers, sprinters); trajectories of movements of the centers of body mass and their fluctuations in space; economy and efficiency of athletes' movements; symmetry of limb movements or their violation.

According to certain indicators, it was possible to assess the morpho-functional and motor readiness of young athletes for selection in the athletics section. It was possible to study the peculiarities of the organization and planning of the educational and training process with girls in running disciplines of track and field athletics. The methodological aspects of the biomechanical criteria for the selection and orientation of girls to running disciplines of track and field athletics were substantiated in detail.