MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME OF THE TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL FEATURES, AND MODERN APPROACHES TO PHYSICAL THERAPY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31891/pcs.2026.1.6Keywords:
myofascial pain syndrome, trapezius muscle, trigger points, muscle dysfunction, physical therapyAbstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of a pressing issue in modern therapy and medicine — myofascial pain of the trapezius muscle. The relevance of the topic is driven by the significant prevalence of this condition among the working-age population, particularly in women aged 35–45, and its substantial impact on quality of life. The authors emphasize that the absence of morphological changes detectable by standard imaging methods complicates diagnosis, making a profound understanding of the nature of myofascial trigger points critically important.
The study details the pathogenetic concept of the 'integrated energy crisis' and the classification of myofascial trigger points into active and latent types. Particular attention is given to the trapezius muscle as the primary target of myofascial pain syndrome due to its anatomical role in postural support and dynamic movements of the upper shoulder girdle. In the course of the research, etiological factors were systematized into groups: mechanical (ergonomic impairments, static loads), systemic (metabolic disorders, endocrine changes), psycho-emotional (chronic stress, depressive states), and external factors.
Based on an analysis of global scientific experience, the article presents a systematization of modern physical therapy tools. It examines the effectiveness of manual techniques, muscle energy techniques, traditional Thai massage, as well as innovative instrumental methods such as shockwave therapy and ultrasound elastography. The role of therapeutic stretching and stabilization exercises is highlighted as the foundation for long-term remission. The study concludes with the necessity of a comprehensive approach to optimize the physical therapy process for patients of different ages and genders. A prospect for further research is the justification of a physical therapy program for women with myofascial pain syndrome of the trapezius muscle using Dr. Tanja Kühne’s methodology.
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