HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DIET OF TEENAGE ATHLETES IN SPORTS FACILITIES

Abstract

Providing children and adolescents with high-quality nutrition that meets the physiological needs of the body during periods of intensive growth, development, and health formation remains relevant, especially in closed educational institutions. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of nutrition at a sports lyceum and its hygienic assessment. The nutrition at the sports lyceum was studied based on an analysis of daily menus. An analysis was conducted of the daily set of foods and the qualitative composition of the menus considered, as well as the chemical composition and caloric content of the daily diet. It was found that the nutrition of athletes belongs to the organized type of regulated nutrition and is carried out in accordance with internal lyceum standards, significantly exceeding (by 20-40%) all indicators (both in terms of nutrient content and energy value) of the current hygienic standards for the corresponding age group.

The discrepancy between the actual and normative ratio of proteins: fats: carbohydrates in terms of the energy value of the diet is also shown. Excessive consumption of nutrients, in particular proteins and carbohydrates, is accompanied by increased energy density of the diet and a violation of the P: F: C ratio in terms of energy value. The data obtained show that the energy value of the daily diet of adolescent athletes was 4287.83±205.31 kcal, exceeding the age-recommended norm by 30.71%. In this regard, the actual nutrition of athletes is characterized by an imbalance in the intake of essential nutrients and a predominance of carbohydrates, which can lead to impaired absorption and metabolism, and then to the formation of risk factors for overweight and obesity with the subsequent development of related pathologies (diseases of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system). According to the results of the study, the nutrition of the lyceum's athletes can be characterized as excessive and unbalanced.

The results of the study formed the basis for the development of recommendations for adjusting the nutrition of young athletes in accordance with existing hygiene standards, established taking into account the physiological needs of the adolescent body.