Physical Culture and Sport: Scientific Perspective
ISSN 2786-6645 ISSN 2786-6653 (online) Published since February 2022 Publisher: Khmelnytskyi National University (Ukraine) Frequency: 4 times a year Manuscript languages: mixed languages: Ukrainian, English, Polish Editors: Yevgen Pavliuk (Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine) Registration of an entity in the field of print media: Decision of the National Council of Ukraine on Television and Radio Broadcasting No. 1373 of April 25, 2024. Media ID: R30-03989 Registration: professional publication of category "B". License Terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication along with a work that is simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International CC-BY license, allowing others to share work with proof of authorship and initial publication in that journal. Open Access Statement: "PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT: SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE" provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that providing free access to research for the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Full-text access to the scientific articles of the journal is presented on the official website in the Archives section. Address: Scientific journal "PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT: SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE", Khmelnytskyі National University, st. 11, Khmelnytsky, 29016, Ukraine. Tel .: +380673817986 е-mail: pcs@khmnu.edu.ua web-site: http://pcs.khmnu.edu.ua
FUTURE TEACHER'S ABILITY TO CHOOSE A PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGY OF ACTIVITY IN AN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL SPACE: SOME ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM
The article highlights the results of a scientific discussion on the problem of forming the ability of a future teacher to choose a pedagogical strategy of activity in the conditions of an inclusive educational space. The relevance of the specified problem in the context of modern educational transformations and the implementation of inclusive education is substantiated. Scientific approaches to defining the concepts of "inclusive education", "pedagogical strategy", "professional readiness of a future teacher" are analyzed. Based on the study of the best practices of leading universities and self-reflection of one's own practice, the main pedagogical strategies used in an inclusive educational environment are outlined, and the leading factors that influence the ability of a future teacher to make their conscious choice are specified. A generalization is made regarding the need for targeted formation of the specified ability in the process of professional training of future teachers. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the relevance of forming the ability, in particular, of a future physical education teacher to choose and implement a pedagogical strategy of activity in an inclusive educational space. Systemic, competency-based, personally oriented and inclusive scientific approaches constitute the methodological basis for understanding the segment of the research problem; these methodological guidelines directed efforts to comprehensively consider the professional activity of a physical education teacher in the conditions of the diversity of students' educational needs. The deepening of problematic issues regarding the ability to choose and implement a model of a pedagogical strategy of a physical education teacher in an inclusive environment was directed and comprehensively using the methods of questionnaires and pedagogical observation and analysis of the results of students' educational activities and their self-assessment of professional readiness. The implemented pedagogical tools contributed to the specification of the state of the ability of future physical education teachers to choose and implement a pedagogical strategy in the conditions of inclusive education. For example, the results of the ascertaining stage showed the predominance of medium and low levels of formation of the specified ability, which confirmed the need for targeted pedagogical influence on the outlined personal and professional quality of future physical education teachers. This prompted the scientific substantiation of the set of the most tangible influences of pedagogical conditions on the development of the ability to choose and implement a pedagogical strategy of activity in an inclusive educational space. Such conditions include: integration of the content of inclusive and adaptive physical culture into the content of relevant academic disciplines; use of situational modeling of physical culture lessons taking into account the nosological educational needs of students; involvement of students in reflective analysis of pedagogical situations during the implementation of educational and production practice. It is proved that the selected pedagogical strategy of teacher skill activity should be considered as a flexible system that integrates educational, health and socialization goals. It is based on the principles of adaptability and differentiation, naturally transforming the physical education of students from "normative" to "child-centered", confirming the important role of integrating inclusive issues into all components of the educational program for the preparation of education seekers, as well as the use of mostly interactive health-saving technologies that allow modeling real pedagogical situations, strengthening the ability of seekers to choose and implement a pedagogical strategy.
preparation of a seeker in a higher education institution
Copyright (c) 2025 Надія КІЧУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POSITIVE SOCIALISATION OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AT THE STAGE OF PRIMARY AND BASIC GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION THROUGH PHYSICAL CULTURE
The issue of socialization of children with special educational needs (SEN) in the context of inclusive education is one of the most strategically important and humanistically significant challenges of modern education. Ukraine, actively integrating into the European educational space, is increasingly aware of the need to create conditions for the full development and integration of each child, regardless of their individual characteristics. At the stage of primary and basic general secondary education, when basic knowledge, skills and value orientations are formed and the foundation of future adulthood and independence is laid. In this process, one of the most powerful, but often underestimated, tools is physical culture. The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification and practical proof of the comparative effectiveness of using physical culture tools for the positive socialization of children with SEN at the stage of primary and basic general secondary education. Analysis of scientific sources, pedagogical practices and observation of students' educational activities. Physical education classes contribute to the formation of communication skills, empathy, tolerance and acceptance of individual differences. Team games and sports exercises create conditions for cooperation, responsibility and mutual support. Physical education classes allow to overcome these barriers in a natural way. In a joint game or team relay, children learn to cooperate, negotiate, help each other, take responsibility for a common result. It is fundamentally important that physical education teachers already at the stage of university training acquire the appropriate professional competence in individualization and differentiation of the educational process, adapting physical exercises and rules of games for physical activity and learning through movement to the capabilities and needs of each child. This requires teachers to have in-depth knowledge in the field of special psychology, pedagogy, as well as constant improvement of professional competencies. The use of auxiliary equipment, modification of rules, visual prompts, simplified tasks - all this allows integrating children with different nosologies into a single educational process. In addition to the development of communication skills, physical education contributes to the development of the emotional-volitional sphere. Achieving success in physical exercises, overcoming difficulties, the ability to lose with dignity and rejoice in victories - all these are important lessons that form the stability of character, perseverance and self-control. Physical activity also helps to reduce stress levels, improve mood and general psycho-emotional state, which is especially important for children with SEN, who may be prone to increased anxiety or depressive states. Positive socialization of children with SEN by means of physical education requires a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach. This involves close cooperation of physical education teachers with psychologists, defectologists, speech therapists, doctors and, most importantly, with parents. Sharing information about the child's individual characteristics, joint planning and implementation of programs aimed at developing social competencies, provide a synergistic effect and positive socialization.
primary and basic general secondary education
Copyright (c) 2025 Ася РУБАН https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USE OF AMINO ACIDS AND AMINO ACID COMPLEXES IN SPORTS NUTRITION
The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of amino acids and amino acid complexes used in sports nutrition. It is substantiated that amino acids not only participate in protein synthesis in the human body, but also improve metabolism, provide the body's energy needs, promote muscle mass gain, activate blood circulation, enhance immunity, positively influence hormone synthesis, reduce fatigue and increase endurance, and accelerate muscle and overall body recovery after physical exertion. Amino acids and amino acid complexes are absorbed by the body more rapidly than dietary proteins; therefore, sports nutrition products containing these components make it possible to significantly reduce the amount of complete protein in the diet and the overall volume of food consumed. It has been determined that amino acid complexes have advantages over free amino acids, in particular, they do not irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and balanced in terms of their composition. ‎‎It is substantiated that the main drawback of using amino acids and amino acid complexes in sports nutrition is an increase in the amount of nitrogen-containing products of protein metabolism, the utilization of which leads to excessive stress on the liver and kidneys and may result in impaired function of these organs and deterioration of health. It is recommended to select amino acids and amino acid complexes in such a way that they complement the diet of athletes and ensure high physical performance without exerting a negative impact on health. ‎‎It has been found that one of the indicators of the quality of amino acid complexes is the content of essential amino acids. It has been established that the sports nutrition market offers amino acid complexes balanced in essential amino acid content, as well as products containing one or several essential amino acids.
Copyright (c) 2025 Галина БІЛЕЦЬКА, Ірина КВАСНИЦЯ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
The current environmental situation in the world and Ukraine confirms the need for an immediate change in the mindset of each individual and society as a whole, and the formation of environmental awareness and environmental culture. That is why environmental education for specialists and environmental awareness should become priority areas in the educational process of every developed country. The experience of European countries demonstrates the possibility of improving the state of the environment based on the principles of state environmental policy, a high level of environmental culture, and an active position of society in nature conservation activities. However, achieving a high level of environmental culture is impossible without the introduction of environmental education and environmental awareness. In recent years, particular importance has been attached to the development of environmental education and culture throughout the world, as it has become clear that one of the main reasons for the failure to implement the decisions of international environmental forums, agreements, and conventions on nature conservation is the low level of environmental culture among the majority of the planet's population and the low level of environmental education and awareness, particularly among those who make important decisions. Developed countries have developed and are refining various programs and concepts for the development of environmental education, as well as programs and plans for training modern environmental specialists. In just the last few years, many manuals and textbooks, popular science and journalistic literature have been published, films have been made, and recommendations on environmental education have been developed. In most countries around the world, ecology has become a compulsory subject in all schools and higher education institutions, many higher education institutions have established departments or faculties specializing in ecology, and hundreds of national and international seminars, conferences, and congresses on ecology have been held. The main goal of environmental education in Ukraine should be to shape the environmental culture of individuals and society as a whole, to develop skills, fundamental environmental knowledge, environmental thinking, and awareness based on the attitude towards nature as a universal and unique value.
Copyright (c) 2025 Анатолій НЕСТЕР, Роман ЧОЛОВСЬКИЙ, Людмила МІТЮК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BOXING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article provides an in-depth theoretical substantiation of the feasibility of introducing boxing as an alternative form of physical education classes for university students in non-specialized higher education institutions. The relevance of the study is determined by current trends in higher education, including increased academic workload, reduced levels of students’ motor activity, sedentary lifestyles, and a steady decline in physical and functional health indicators among student youth. Under such conditions, traditional physical education programs often fail to ensure adequate motivation, systematic participation, and sustainable health-enhancing effects. Boxing is considered in the article as a versatile and multifunctional means of physical education that combines the development of physical fitness, psychophysiological functions, and moral-volitional qualities. The study synthesizes contemporary scientific findings related to students’ physical fitness levels, motivation for physical activity, and the effectiveness of sports-oriented models of physical education. Particular emphasis is placed on the advantages of a sports-oriented approach based on voluntary choice of physical activity, which significantly increases intrinsic motivation and students’ engagement in the educational process. The analysis of existing educational and author-designed boxing programs revealed both their strengths and limitations when applied in the context of higher education institutions. It is noted that many programs are adapted from youth sports schools and are overly focused on competitive outcomes, which may limit their accessibility for beginners and female students. Therefore, the article substantiates the necessity of modifying boxing-based physical education programs toward a health-oriented, educational, and recreational focus. Special attention is given to a gender-sensitive approach to organizing boxing classes. The importance of considering physiological characteristics of the female body, including the phases of the menstrual cycle, is emphasized as a prerequisite for ensuring safety, effectiveness, and positive health outcomes. The study highlights the effectiveness of game-based and controlled-contact teaching methods, which reduce injury risk, enhance emotional involvement, and create a positive motivational climate during classes. The findings confirm that the rational use of boxing elements in physical education classes contributes to the comprehensive development of students’ physical qualities, improvement of functional capacities, formation of self-discipline, self-control, and a stable motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The results of the theoretical analysis may serve as a methodological basis for the development of modern boxing-oriented physical education programs for students of various specialties and levels of physical preparedness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Максим БУГАЙОВ, Нікіта БУГАЙОВ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC METHODS FOR REDUCING PHANTOM PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH BILATERAL LIMB AMPUTATION
The scientific paper presents a theoretical analysis of scientific sources regarding the effectiveness of therapeutic methods for reducing phantom pain in patients with amputations. To date, phantom pain remains a complex and not fully understood problem, particularly in patients with bilateral amputations. Modern therapeutic approaches to the treatment of phantom pain and the rehabilitation of patients after limb amputation are reviewed. It has been established that existing therapeutic methods are predominantly designed to treat phantom pain in cases of unilateral amputation. The analysis of scientific publications, monographs, peer-reviewed articles, and materials from scientometric databases highlights contemporary methods for overcoming phantom pain, such as motor imagery, mirror therapy (MT), virtual mirror therapy (VMT), and phantom motor execution (PME). The analysis of treatment methods for phantom limb pain demonstrated that phantom motor execution (PME) is the most effective approach, as it provides interactive feedback and enables patients with bilateral amputations to perform real movements of phantom limbs. This method significantly reduces pain intensity and improves the overall condition of patients. Virtual mirror therapy (VMT) and mirror therapy (MT) have also demonstrated effectiveness; however, their advantages compared to PME are limited. Motor imagery has lower effectiveness, as it does not involve interactive tasks or actual motor execution, which limits its applicability for patients with bilateral amputations. Therefore, the use of phantom motor execution (PME) is recommended for reducing phantom pain in patients with bilateral amputations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олена ПОТАПОВА, Олена БЕССАРАБОВА, Валентина ОЛЬШАНСЬКА, Олександр ПОДКУР https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF CANOE POLO AS A SPORTS DISCIPLINE: PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS AND PROSPECTS FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF COACHES
The article is devoted to the study of pedagogical aspects of canoe polo development as a sports discipline and problems of professional training of coach-educators in Ukraine. Canoe polo is characterized as a team water sport that combines kayaking with ball handling technique and tactical play, requiring simultaneous high-level paddling preparation, technical mastery and tactical thinking. The pedagogical foundations of long-term training of canoe polo players are analyzed through the system of sequential stages: initial training aimed at forming interest and basic skills, basic training focused on stable technical skills development, specialized training for advanced technical-tactical improvement and referee-instructor preparation, and training for higher sports mastery oriented towards achieving highest international results. The types of sports training are characterized: physical preparation including general, auxiliary and special training; technical preparation focused on paddling technique and ball handling skills; tactical preparation developing individual, group and team actions; psychological preparation forming volitional qualities and team cohesion. The pedagogical features of teaching paddling technique and ball handling, organization of tactical training and psychological support are determined. Typical training session plans demonstrating pedagogical principles are presented. The problems of professional training of coach-educators in canoe polo are analyzed, including the absence of specialized educational programs in higher education institutions, insufficient methodological support, and limited opportunities for popularization of the sport among sports and scientific community. The role of referee and instructor training as an important component of professional development of coaches is considered. The prospects for developing professional training system are determined: development of specialized educational programs, creation of advanced training system, expansion of methodological base through development of teaching materials and video content, popularization of canoe polo through scientific publications and conferences, involvement of new specialists in coaching process, mass dissemination of the sport among Ukrainian population. The necessity of expanding methodological base for teaching and popularization of canoe polo among sports and scientific community is substantiated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій ЛОМАКА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF REGIONAL AUTHORITIES FOR PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN ENHANCING THE SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROCESS
The article addresses the problem of supporting the development of physical education for school-age children in the context of ongoing reforms in the field of physical culture and sports at the national and regional levels, considering it a local challenge to Ukraine’s sustainable development. Research Results. The improvement of the physical education process for school-age children is achieved, among other factors, through the organizational and pedagogical potential of physical culture and sports management bodies. Based on the SPACE analysis, the potential influence of physical culture and sports management on the process of physical education in general secondary education institutions of the Zhytomyr region was assessed. Qualitative parameters of the strategy for improving the physical education process in the school environment, as a component of the overall physical education system, were identified. A comprehensive approach to the utilization of the organizational and pedagogical potential of regional physical culture and sports management bodies aimed at improving school physical education in the territorial communities of the Zhytomyr region was developed. An organizational model of scientific and practical partnership for enhancing the physical education process of school-age children was proposed. Conclusions. By positioning the physical education process of schoolchildren as a structural element of the general physical education system that contributes to the development of regional human capital, it was established that the institutional capacity of physical culture and sports management bodies—which encompasses a configuration of factors such as the state of infrastructure, a favourable external and internal environment, stable regional intersectoral and intersectoral linkages, management traditions, resource allocation mechanisms, and the physical culture, health and sports needs and priorities of the community—can be optimized through the establishment of regional clusters of scientific and practical partnerships for the development of school physical education at the level of territorial communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Василь ГРИБУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GAME MEANS FOR FORMING COMMUNICATIVE AND SOCIAL COMPETENCES IN BIOLOGY LESSONS
In the context of a competency-based approach to learning, it is important to combine the acquisition of subject knowledge with the development of socially significant skills and abilities. In this context, game teaching aids are an effective tool for activating cognitive activity and forming communicative and social competencies of students. The article examines the essence and content of the concepts of «communicative competence» and «social competence», determines their interrelationships and role in modern education. The main types of game tools that are appropriate for use in biology lessons are described, in particular role-playing, business, simulation and digital games, educational quests and exercises with elements of research. The didactic potential of game tools is revealed, which consists in creating situations of active interaction, development of speech skills, critical thinking and responsibility for a common result. Particular attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions for the effective use of game technologies: determining the didactic goal, matching the forms of game activity to the age and individual characteristics of students, creating a favorable psychological climate, organizing various forms of interaction and pedagogical support. Practical possibilities for integrating game technologies into the content of biological education are outlined, which ensure a combination of mastering the educational material with the development of social and communicative competencies. The results of the analysis confirm that the systematic and methodically justified use of game tools in the process of teaching biology contributes to the formation of complex competencies in students, increases motivation for learning and stimulates active interaction in the team.
Copyright (c) 2025 Валерія БОРЩЕНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMING THE TECHNICAL READINESS OF YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS AT THE INITIAL STAGE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HEALTH-ORIENTED NATURE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
The article addresses the problem of forming the technical preparedness of young basketball players at the initial stage of sports training, taking into account the health-oriented focus of motor activity. The purpose of the study was to scientifically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a symmetrical training methodology for teaching basketball technical skills to children of primary school age. During the pedagogical experiment, comprehensive research methods were applied, including pedagogical observation, testing of the level of technical preparedness, and methods of mathematical statistics. The training process was based on a combination of game-based, special preparatory, and general developmental exercises with the use of simplified game situations, additional equipment, and lighter balls that corresponded to the age-related and functional capabilities of young athletes. The main principles of initial symmetrical training in basketball technical skills for primary school children involved a systematic and step-by-step approach and included the following provisions: dividing a technical element into its component parts, which enabled young athletes to better understand the structure and sequence of movements; mastering preparatory and imitation exercises before learning a specific technical skill, which contributed to the development of coordination, spatial perception, and preliminary motor readiness; learning techniques using a holistic method followed by their application in game situations, ensuring the integration of technical skills into practical play; the use of additional equipment and special markings to create a controlled environment for skill acquisition under simplified conditions; and the use of lighter and smaller balls, which facilitated the mastering of technical actions and adapted them to the physical capabilities of young basketball players. When learning technical skills in simplified conditions, primary attention was paid to the correct structure of motor actions. Traditional methodologies involve performing a significant number of preparatory exercises that ensure the gradual formation of motor skills. Basic technical skills are recommended to be mastered both through holistic learning and through step-by-step decomposition, as well as through game activities. The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in dribbling, passing, shooting on the move, and performing combined exercises with both the dominant and non-dominant hand. The positive dynamics of technical indicators confirm the effectiveness of the proposed symmetrical training methodology and the feasibility of its implementation in the training process of young basketball players in order to improve their level of technical preparedness and ensure the health-enhancing effect of training sessions at the initial stage of preparation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Тетяна ЧОПИК, Ірина МОДІНА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEPENDENCE OF THE TECHNIQUE OF PERFORMING MOVEMENTS ON ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA OF AN ATHLETE USING THE EXAMPLE OF CANOEING
The article studies the dependence of the biomechanics of motor actions on the physique of athletes in various sports. Numerous examples are given of how the morphological features of athletes, including anthropometric indicators, affect the way technical elements are performed, which ultimately affects the competitive result. The peculiarities of the influence of physique on the biomechanical actions of athletes in such sports as track and field (running, throwing, long jump), weightlifting, powerlifting, swimming are considered. Particular attention is paid to determining the influence of physique on the biomechanical scheme of movement using the example of canoeing. The main focus of our research is on the study of the paddle grip and its impact on competitive performance. Among the methods of obtaining empirical data, the method of interviewing leading athletes who have achieved outstanding success in canoeing was used. In particular, the importance of such a skill as adjusting the grip of the oar, reducing or increasing it depending on the characteristics of the distance, the tactics of competitive wrestling is emphasized. It is also emphasized that the formation of such a sensation as the feeling of water is closely related to the width of the grip of the oar. The article provides a number of recommendations and tips on how to choose the right paddle grip. Leading athletes also emphasized the crucial role of the paddle grip in ensuring the effectiveness of the biomechanics of motor action in athletes specializing in canoeing. You can increase the feel of the water by reducing the width of the oar grip. As the rower's skill increases, the width of the oar grip can be gradually increased until the technique of performing the stroke is at its highest efficiency. Leading athletes emphasize an individual approach to choosing the width of the oar grip, with important factors being physical qualities (shoulder girdle strength), anthropometric indicators, the rower's level of training, etc.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр СОЛТИК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYNCOPAL STATES IN THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
The scientific work has reviewed domestic and foreign literary sources, Internet resources on the selected research issues, which allowed us to substantiate the relevance of the study. Analysis and synthesis of scientific information on the topic of the study showed that syncope is a serious medical problem with possible consequences of trauma. Fainting is caused by a decrease in systemic blood pressure and subsequent global hypoperfusion of the brain. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow consists of a myogenic mechanism of vasoconstriction and vasodilation of vessels in response to pressure fluctuations. The factor that determines a relatively constant level of cerebral blood flow is the change in vessel diameter. In the elderly, atherosclerotic changes in the vessels lead to increased stiffness, especially in the carotid artery, and decreased vagus nerve tone, which causes most cases of syncope. Fainting is a serious medical problem with many consequences: injuries, the development of the patient's self-doubt, and a deterioration in the quality of life. Unresolved problems of syncope in elderly patients in the practice of physical therapists are identified, namely accurate diagnosis of the cause of syncope, teaching patients to recognize prodromes, preventing repeated falls and episodes of syncope, safe planning of physical activity, and improving first aid skills. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the types of syncope, syncope in the elderly, and measures to eliminate the immediate threat to the patient's life during physiotherapy intervention within the knowledge and competencies of the professional activity of a physical therapist were considered. It was recommended that further physiotherapy management of elderly patients with syncope be carried out after a comprehensive geriatric assessment, taking into account the patient's cognitive and functional characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ганна СТРАКОЛИСТ, Надія БОГДАНОВСЬКА, Микола МАЙСТРУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT TOWARDS TATTOOS
The art of tattooing has a multifaceted and ancient history that spans numerous cultures and epochs. From primitive communities that used tattoos as a means of self-expression, rituals, and social identity to the modern world, where this practice is experiencing a new wave of popularity, tattoos remain an important element of cultural identity. Today, tattoos acquire diverse meanings, particularly in the contexts of psychology, sociology, and cultural studies, reflecting their complexity and multi-layered nature. The process of selecting tattoo designs is often determined not only by conscious decisions but also by unconscious motives, adding a distinct psychological dimension to the phenomenon of tattooing. Research shows that tattoos can reflect an individual’s inner world, serve as a tool for psychological analysis, and support self-identification. Psychological aspects of motivation, such as the desire to enhance self-esteem, achieve emotional release, and seek identity, are key to studying this topic. Tattoos act as a form of emotional manifestation, confirmed by studies indicating their capacity to reduce nervous tension and symbolize internal experiences. Cultural and social factors also significantly influence tattoo motivation. Tattoos are often associated with certain social groups, emphasizing belonging to a subculture or status within society. The impact of media and social networks on the popularization of tattoos cannot be underestimated; contemporary celebrities and bloggers actively showcase their tattoos, contributing to shifting societal attitudes. Social media creates a space for sharing stories where tattoos can hold deep symbolic meaning, serving as a means of overcoming challenges or supporting mental health. Research also indicates that tattoos can have various emotional orientations, including altruistic, practical, aesthetic, and gnostic. Tattoo owners often exhibit a desire for self-expression, individuality, and uniqueness, which highlights their role in shaping personal identity. It is important to recognize that tattoos can serve as monuments to significant life events, symbolizing experiences and emotions. From a sociocultural perspective, tattoos become a ritual of transformation, symbolizing changes in a person’s life. They unveil deep cultural traditions and psychological aspects that warrant further exploration. Modern research in this field underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to understanding the motivations that drive people to get tattoos, considering their historical, cultural, and psychological contexts. Thus, tattoos are not only a form of art but also a powerful medium for self-expression, reflecting intricate interconnections between personality, culture, and society. The study of this phenomenon can enhance our understanding of contemporary social trends as well as the impact of tattoos on an individual’s psychological state.
Copyright (c) 2025 Назарій КУРИЛЯК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHODOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY APPLICATION IN TRAINING PROCESS MANAGEMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL SMART DEVICE DATA
This critical analysis examines the integration of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) monitoring from consumer wearables into athletic training. HRV, a non-invasive biomarker of autonomic nervous system balance, has become a "gold standard" for assessing functional state. However, the proliferation of smart devices (Apple, Garmin, Polar, Samsung) has created a paradox of accessibility versus interpretative clarity. The study deconstructs the core physiology, contrasting the rapid parasympathetic metric RMSSD (used for recovery assessment in performance-focused ecosystems like Garmin) with the broader adaptive-capacity metric SDNN (common in wellness-focused systems like Apple). A central finding is the critical algorithmic heterogeneity across platforms, which renders direct comparison of absolute values between different device ecosystems fundamentally flawed. The work highlights significant methodological pitfalls, most notably the dangerous condition of parasympathetic overreaching, where paradoxically high HRV can mask severe fatigue and imminent performance decline. Furthermore, HRV is profoundly confounded by non-training stressors (sleep, diet, illness), emphasizing its role as a sensitive but non-specific marker of homeostatic disturbance. Consequently, effective application requires a paradigm shift from isolated daily readings to longitudinal trend analysis against an individual baseline. The study concludes that HRV is a facultative, not primary, tool. It must be integrated via a "triangulation" principle, where its objective data is consistently verified against subjective athlete feedback (well-being, sleep quality) and quantitative training load metrics to inform robust, individualized coaching decisions and avoid the risks of misinterpreting simplified commercial readiness scores.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр АНТОНЮК, Віктор ЦІСАР https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF YOUNG ATHLETES’ DEVELOPMENT IN YOUTH SPORTS
Modern youth sports represent a crucial component of the physical development of the younger generation and serve as the foundation for forming the future sports reserve of the country. During childhood and adolescence, the body undergoes active growth, tissue differentiation, and improvement of functional systems, creating specific conditions for the influence of physical loads. It is during this period that significant changes occur in the activities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems, which determine the dynamics of physical qualities and adaptive potential development. Special emphasis is placed on developing training programs that consider biological age, individual growth rates, and natural patterns in the development of physical qualities. Research into these areas contributes to enhancing the quality of sports training, maintaining the health of children and adolescents, and building the foundation for their future achievements in elite sports. Thus, the relevance of the chosen topic is highlighted by the need for scientific substantiation of the physiological mechanisms involved in young athletes' development in youth sports. The aim of the article is to investigate and discuss the physiological mechanisms of young athletes' development in youth sports. The comparative analysis of studies allows for identifying several conceptual lines. The first is the dominance of neuromuscular adaptations as the initial and leading mechanism of training response in children. The works of K. Legerlotz, U. Granacher, and A. Birat confirm that the enhancement of neural regulation is the main factor in the increase in strength and performance until the point of hormonal maturity. The second line is the critical role of biological age. The works of S. Tumkur Anil Kumar, S. Enomoto, and N. Kanbur demonstrate that the reduction or intensification of training effects is closely related to growth stages, structural tissue changes, and hormonal activation. The third is the importance of monitoring the athlete's condition, which is particularly emphasized in the work of A. Nimmerichter. This indicates a transformation in approaches from 'one-size-fits-all programs' to personalized training models. In summary, it can be stated that modern research reorients youth sports towards evidence-based and physiologically justified training processes. The authors emphasize that the effectiveness of sports training is determined by the combination of factors such as neuromuscular development, hormonal changes, the condition of the musculoskeletal system, the duration of training exposure, individual growth characteristics, and the adequacy of load monitoring. This approach demonstrates the advantages of integrating biomedical sciences and training practice, forming a foundation for the safe and effective athletic development of children. The research established that the physiological development of young athletes is a multifaceted process determined by the interaction of biological maturation, training effects, and the organism's adaptation mechanisms. The most significant components of progress in youth sports are the formation of neuromuscular regulation, structural changes in the musculoskeletal system, and hormonal adjustments, which define individual trajectories of sports formation. The study confirms that the success of the sports development of young athletes is determined not only by training intensity but primarily by its alignment with biological age, adaptive capacities, and the structural features of a growing organism. Understanding the physiological mechanisms of development is the foundation for scientifically grounded approaches to the training process aimed at achieving high results and preserving the health of young people.
Copyright (c) 2025 Євген ПАВЛЮК, Оксана ПАВЛЮК, Костянтин ОЛІЙНИК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS FOR MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES IN INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS
The article highlights the trends in the modern development of logistics, characterized by rapid changes driven by globalization processes, the swift implementation of technological innovations, and the emergence of new business models. In this context, the importance of forming management competencies in future specialists is emphasized, as innovative approaches to education become key to preparing highly qualified personnel capable of effectively adapting to changing market conditions. A review of scientific research confirms the growing interest in the implementation of cutting-edge educational methods aimed at developing management skills in the field of international logistics. The current economic situation dictates the need to revise the standards of professional training to meet the current market demands. The main directions of development in this field include the application of a competence-based approach, the use of innovative technologies in the learning process, and the creation of multi-level systems of professional education. The article also examines innovative approaches in pedagogy as an update of the learning processes through the integration of modern technologies to enhance the quality of the educational process. The implementation of such methods stimulates the development of creative, analytical, and management abilities in students. Among the innovative methodologies, the use of portfolios, problem-oriented, and project-based learning stand out, which facilitate the activation of cognitive activity and the development of critical thinking. Significant attention has been paid to the integration of digital technologies into the educational process, which provides access to quality educational materials and promotes international cooperation. The use of digital platforms opens up opportunities for the implementation of individualized learning programs that meet the needs of each student. Thus, the implementation of innovative approaches and digital technologies in the training process of specialists in the field of international logistics is a determining factor for their competitiveness in the modern labor market. This contributes to the increase in the effectiveness of learning and adaptation to the demands of the global environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр ОПАНАСЮК, Олександр ЛИХОГОД https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE SPORTS ON QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS
The article provides an overview of studies conducted between 2019 and 2024 on the impact of adaptive sports on the quality of life of individuals after lower limb amputation. A comprehensive analysis of the main structural and content-related advantages and gaps in scientific research on the resocialization of individuals after lower limb amputation is carried out. Key aspects that complicate social reintegration and negatively affect the quality of life of people after lower limb amputation are revealed. Thematic dimensions of quality of life and resocialization of individuals after lower limb amputation are identified, which require further scientific study in the future. The study analyzes 23 scientific publications published in accredited medical journals of categories “A” and “B.” The following methods and approaches were used in the analysis of scientific research: systematic, critical-analytical, descriptive, and historiographical. The scientific study reveals that individuals after lower limb amputation most often experience depressive and anxiety disorders. This is due to the following factors or components: visual adaptation to a new physicality; grief over pain and loss of a limb; inability to fully satisfy one's own needs; feelings of insecurity. It has been determined that the central challenges in the social dimension for people after lower limb amputation are as follows: insufficient adaptation of the environment to human needs; weather and climate restrictions; insufficient financial security. It has been found that the key component of a person's comprehensive recovery is their involvement in adaptive sports (wheelchair basketball, para-golf, boccia). It has been found that various types of adaptive sports contribute to improving a person's physical condition and help develop social communication skills. It has been determined that a person's integration into any adaptive sport contributes to a reduction in the manifestation of mental and psychological problems, in particular anxiety or depression. It has been demonstrated that the competitive sports process effectively influences the construction of a person's social identity after lower limb amputation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олег ЯНЧИНСЬКИЙ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DIET OF TEENAGE ATHLETES IN SPORTS FACILITIES
Providing children and adolescents with high-quality nutrition that meets the physiological needs of the body during periods of intensive growth, development, and health formation remains relevant, especially in closed educational institutions. The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of nutrition at a sports lyceum and its hygienic assessment. The nutrition at the sports lyceum was studied based on an analysis of daily menus. An analysis was conducted of the daily set of foods and the qualitative composition of the menus considered, as well as the chemical composition and caloric content of the daily diet. It was found that the nutrition of athletes belongs to the organized type of regulated nutrition and is carried out in accordance with internal lyceum standards, significantly exceeding (by 20-40%) all indicators (both in terms of nutrient content and energy value) of the current hygienic standards for the corresponding age group. The discrepancy between the actual and normative ratio of proteins: fats: carbohydrates in terms of the energy value of the diet is also shown. Excessive consumption of nutrients, in particular proteins and carbohydrates, is accompanied by increased energy density of the diet and a violation of the P: F: C ratio in terms of energy value. The data obtained show that the energy value of the daily diet of adolescent athletes was 4287.83±205.31 kcal, exceeding the age-recommended norm by 30.71%. In this regard, the actual nutrition of athletes is characterized by an imbalance in the intake of essential nutrients and a predominance of carbohydrates, which can lead to impaired absorption and metabolism, and then to the formation of risk factors for overweight and obesity with the subsequent development of related pathologies (diseases of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system). According to the results of the study, the nutrition of the lyceum's athletes can be characterized as excessive and unbalanced. The results of the study formed the basis for the development of recommendations for adjusting the nutrition of young athletes in accordance with existing hygiene standards, established taking into account the physiological needs of the adolescent body.
Copyright (c) 2025 Віктор ФЛЕРЧУК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: A REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
The COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war in Ukraine have created overlapping crises that significantly affect public health, physical activity patterns, sport systems and the education sector. Purpose: This narrative review-analytical paper synthesizes empirical studies, systematic reviews and official reports to examine how pandemic-related restrictions and wartime conditions have changed population physical activity, the state of physical culture, and elite sport in Ukraine, and to propose policy and practice pathways for recovery and resilience. Methods: A structured literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Ukrainian repositories, supplemented by UN, UNESCO and national government documents; the selection and reporting followed PRISMA principles. Results: Evidence indicates a substantial decline in overall physical activity and increases in sedentary behaviour during pandemic lockdowns, with consequent deterioration in health-related fitness among children, adolescents, and university students. The subsequent war amplified vulnerabilities: damage to sports infrastructure, displacement of youth and athletes, loss of coaching and medical personnel, disruptions to training/competition cycles and elevated mental health burden. These combined shocks threaten both mass physical activity levels and the preparation pipeline for elite performance. Conclusions: Recovery requires integrated measures – immediate restoration of accessible facilities, targeted programs for youth physical activity (including digital/hybrid solutions), psychological support for affected populations, targeted assistance for elite athletes (training abroad, scholarships) and alignment of national PE and sport policies with WHO physical activity guidelines. Long-term resilience depends on intersectoral coordination, sustainable financing and evidence-based monitoring of population activity and fitness. Recovery requires multi-stakeholder coordination, evidence-based policy and investment in resilient, inclusive PA and sport systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олег БАЗИЛЬЧУК, Віра БАЗИЛЬЧУК, Олександр КІВЕРНИК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
POPULARITY OF TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS UNDER MARTIAL LAW CONDITIONS
Track and field athletics has traditionally been one of the fundamental and most widespread sports disciplines, playing a significant role in the physical development of young people and in the formation of a broader sports culture. However, contemporary social and informational transformations, along with the declining level of physical activity among the younger generation, have led to a gradual decrease in interest in this sport. The issue becomes especially relevant under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, when psychological, social, and infrastructural factors substantially influence the sporting preferences of university students and shape their daily behavioural patterns. The study presents the results of a survey conducted among higher education students regarding their level of interest in track and field athletics, the frequency with which they follow competitions, the perceived impact of martial law, and the factors shaping their motivational orientations. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of online search dynamics based on Google Trends data for the years 2021–2025, which makes it possible to assess broader digital patterns related to the popularity of track and field athletics in Ukraine and worldwide, as well as to identify emerging fluctuations in public attention. The findings indicate that, despite an overall decline in interest among part of the youth population, there remains a group of students with stable or even increasing motivation, highlighting the potential of this sport as a means of psychological support, stress reduction, and personal development under crisis conditions. The study provides an analytical foundation for further scientific research and for the development of strategies aimed at promoting track and field athletics during martial law as well as throughout the post-war recovery period, when rebuilding physical culture and restoring community well-being will be of particular importance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олег КВАСНИЦЯ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES WITH CONSIDERATION OF FUTURE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
The article is devoted to identifying ways to optimize the process of physical education for students of technical specialties. The purpose of the study was to determine the working conditions and the nature of the labor performed by mechanical engineers, to identify professionally significant psychophysical qualities, to outline the ways of forming physical culture among students of technical specialties, and to determine effective types of motor activity for the successful implementation of this process. The importance of students acquiring a sufficient amount of theoretical knowledge is substantiated, as it forms the basis for developing skills in the proper use of physical culture and sports in work and rest regimes, strengthening health, maintaining high work capacity, and leading a healthy lifestyle. The results of the study confirm the significance of considering the professionogram when planning the process of professional-applied physical training for future mechanical engineers. When compiling a professionogram, it is necessary to create a professionographic description of characteristic working postures, techniques, and working conditions. It was established that a mechanical engineer performs a wide range of functions, including the development and study of technological processes of mechanical processing of parts and machine assembly, as well as the design and operation of metalworking equipment. All these activities require acute vision, precise visual estimation, good hearing, and high tactile and kinesthetic sensitivity. A number of types of motor activity have been identified which, due to their specificity, most effectively contribute to the development of professionally significant psychophysical qualities of future specialists in this field. The characteristic features and specificity of sports games, martial arts, strength, and cyclic sports allow for the effective development of professional psychophysical qualities to the required level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Роман БОЙЧУК, Василь ПОПОВИЧ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of developing coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is observed in approximately 25% of all adults, with prevalence increasing with age. The presence of any one component of metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life and represents a high risk of cardiovascular disease throughout life. Metabolic syndrome now affects 30–40% of people under the age of 65, mainly due to weight gain in adulthood and a genetic or epigenetic predisposition to abdominal fat/ectopic fat accumulation associated with poor intrauterine development. The article presents a generalized review of current scientific sources devoted to the role of physical therapy in a comprehensive approach to the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The effect of various types of physical activity on the main components of the metabolic syndrome is analyzed: insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and others. It is demonstrated that systematic physical activity contributes to weight loss, improvement of insulin sensitivity, normalization of blood pressure and lipid profile. The mechanisms of action of physical activity on the body's metabolic processes are highlighted, in particular, increasing insulin sensitivity, normalization of lipid profile and reduction of systemic inflammation. The recommendations of international clinical guidelines on the dosage of physical activity and their combination with other components of non-drug therapy are considered. Data on the effectiveness of individualized physical therapy programs depending on age, level of physical fitness and concomitant pathology are summarized. It is concluded that physical therapy has the potential not only to reduce the risks associated with metabolic diseases, but also to reduce the burden on the healthcare system, improving the quality of life of patients. In some individuals, an exercise program has been shown to improve risk markers to the point where they no longer meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The effectiveness of such interventions is explained by a complex of physiological, behavioral, and genetic factors. In particular, physical activity affects insulin sensitivity, fat metabolism, levels of systemic inflammation, and even epigenetic mechanisms of metabolic regulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Надія КОЛЯДА, Анастасія ШТЕПЕНКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AS A COMPONENT OF PREPARING SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR FUTURE MILITARY SERVICE
The article examines key aspects of the necessity and importance of developing physical qualities in pupils of general secondary education institutions in Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as GSEIs) as a component of their potential readiness for future military service and the defence of their state’s independence and territorial integrity. The text places particular emphasis on the pivotal role of motivation in encouraging students to participate in various physical activities during physical education classes and in after-school settings. It is posited that the efficacy of this work is contingent upon the establishment of an environment within general secondary education institutions that is conducive to the pursuit of physical activity by schoolchildren. This environment must be characterised by interest, utility, and accessibility. The realisation of this environment can be facilitated by the collaborative endeavours of district education, youth, and sports departments; the leadership of territorial communities; and the administrations of general education institutions. Additionally, the dedicated and persistent educational activities of physical education teachers in schools, gymnasiums, and lyceums are instrumental in fostering a culture of physical activity among schoolchildren. The body of the article goes on to discuss the problem of military-patriotic and physical education in schools, a tradition deeply rooted in the historical and pedagogical context of the Ukrainian education system. A thorough analysis of literary sources reveals that over the past several decades, there has been a gradual evolution in the understanding of physical culture as a fundamental component in preparing schoolchildren for future military service, both within the realm of scientific research and state policy. A thorough examination of literary sources reveals that physical culture exerts a significant influence in preparing schoolchildren for military service. The programme has been proven to facilitate the development of fundamental physical qualities, psychological endurance, social cohesion, and leadership traits. However, in order to enhance the efficacy of the process, it is imperative to undertake comprehensive empirical studies that integrate pedagogical, psychological, and physiological measurements. This scientific problem is of relevance and requires further research. In the near future, it may be beneficial to develop an integrated model for motivating senior secondary school students. This model would systematically combine physical culture as a means of developing determination, strength, endurance, discipline, and self-confidence, and military-patriotic education as a source of meaning, values, and a deep understanding of the high value of military service. A promising direction is the improvement of theoretical models for integrating physical, moral-volitional, and civic-patriotic training into a unified system of educational influence, ensuring the development of comprehensive readiness to defend the Motherland. It is also necessary to clarify the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the study, in particular, to define the essence of such phenomena as ‘readiness for military service’, ‘military-applied competence’, and ‘patriotic orientation of physical education’.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ярослав ЗОРІЙ, Віктор БОГАТИРЕЦЬ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTI-DOPING EDUCATION IN SPORT: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS IN UKRAINE (BASED ON A COACH SURVEY)
Education is regarded as a fundamental tool for preventing anti-doping rule violations and as a strategic direction in developing a culture of integrity in sport. Considering the updated requirements of the World Anti-Doping Code and the provisions of the International Standard for Education (ISE), the study of the state, trends, and challenges of anti-doping education in Ukraine is of particular relevance. Coaches occupy a central position within the sports community, performing not only organizational and methodological but also educational and moral functions. They create the athlete’s immediate learning environment, influence value formation, motivation for training, and adherence to fair play principles. Therefore, exploring the level of coaches’ anti-doping awareness and their readiness to integrate anti-doping components into training systems is a prerequisite for building an effective national framework of anti-doping education. Purpose. To determine the current state of anti-doping education, analyze coaches’ attitudes toward its content and effectiveness, and outline directions for its improvement in Ukraine. Methods. A survey of 131 coaches representing 46 sports was conducted online (via Google Forms). Methods included questionnaires, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, and statistical data generalization. Results. Coaches acknowledge their key role in shaping athletes’ anti-doping culture and support the integration of relevant educational components into training programs, primarily through the activities of sports federations, clubs, and educational institutions. Participation in educational programs is perceived as an integral part of professional activity that requires continuous professional development. While coaches positively assess digital learning tools, they prefer interactive and practice-oriented forms of education that ensure deeper knowledge acquisition and the development of applied skills. However, uneven participation in educational activities, insufficient institutional coordination, and limited coverage of technical and legal aspects of anti-doping activities were identified. Conclusions. Coaches demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility in fostering a culture of “clean sport” and show readiness to engage in educational initiatives. The development of anti-doping education requires a transition from isolated activities to a comprehensive system combining digital resources with interactive learning methods, ensuring consistent collaboration among the National Anti-Doping Center (NADC), sports federations, and educational institutions within a unified educational framework.
Copyright (c) 2025 Мирослав ДУТЧАК, Катерина КОВАЛЬ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"THE GREY ZONE" OF PHARMACOLOGY: A REVIEW OF PEPTIDE BIOREGULATORS FOR POST-SPORTS INJURY RECOVERY (BPC-157, TB-500)
The management of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly tendinopathies and ligament damage, remains a significant challenge in sports medicine. This is primarily due to the limited vascularization and low endogenous regenerative potential of connective tissue. The low efficacy of traditional therapeutic methods (NSAIDs, physiotherapy) in accelerating biological healing stimulates athletes and medical staff to search for alternative pharmacological agents. This has led to the emergence of a "grey zone" market - unregulated substances sold under the "research chemicals only" label. The most popular substances in this niche are the peptide bioregulators BPC-157 and TB-500. Their widespread anecdotal use starkly contrasts with their official status: both substances are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and included in the Prohibited List under Class S0 "Unapproved Substances," as they lack approval for human therapeutic use. Objective. To conduct a systematic analysis and critical review of the available pre-clinical (in vitro, animal) and clinical scientific literature regarding the biochemical basis, pharmacological mechanisms of action, evidence base for therapeutic potential, and safety risks associated with the use of BPC-157 and TB-500 for post-injury recovery. Results. The analysis reveals a fundamental chasm between pre-clinical data and clinical reality. BPC-157 (a pentadecapeptide, a stable fragment of human gastric protein) demonstrates potent regenerative properties in numerous animal models (notably, rat Achilles tendon transection models). Its primary mechanism is linked to stimulating angiogenesis (via the VEGF pathway) and enhancing fibroblast migration (via FAK-Paxillin signaling modulation). However, at the time of this review, no published peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans exist that confirm its efficacy and safety for treating musculoskeletal injuries. TB-500 is the synthetic version of Thymosin Beta-4 (TB4), a natural peptide that is a key regulator of actin polymerization in the cytoskeleton. Its mechanism of action is more fundamental, involving the stimulation of cell migration (fibroblasts, endothelial cells), inflammation modulation, and anti-fibrotic effects. While TB4 has undergone some clinical trials in other fields (e.g., chronic wound healing), its efficacy in sports injuries is unproven. Moreover, its ability to stimulate cell migration and angiogenesis carries theoretical oncogenic risks (potential stimulation of undiagnosed tumors). Both peptides are distributed via the "grey market," posing additional risks of bacterial contamination (endotoxins), impurities, and incorrect dosages. Conclusion. The available data confirm that the use of BPC-157 and TB-500 for treating sports injuries in humans is currently a form of unregulated self-experimentation. A critical gap exists between promising pre-clinical data and the complete absence of an evidence base for their efficacy and safety in humans. There is an urgent need for high-quality, well-designed RCTs to move these substances out of the dangerous "grey zone" and either into the arsenal of evidence-based medicine or into the category of scientifically unfounded agents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Андрій ЧОРНОМИДЗ, Микола КЛАНЦА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICAL TRAINING FOR PERFORMING MILITARY-APPLIED TASKS: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
The article reveals the essence of physical training for performing military-applied tasks as a purposeful pedagogical process aimed at developing specialized physical readiness among future defense professionals. It has been established that professional-applied physical training ensures the development of a set of motor skills, psychophysical qualities, and functional capabilities that determine the effectiveness of performance under combat conditions. It has been clarified that the system of physical training encompasses an integrated set of objectives, including the development of physical abilities, the formation of psychophysical readiness, the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, and the cultivation of a need for self-improvement. It has been emphasized that the practical implementation of military-applied training involves performing exercises that are close to real combat conditions, such as forced marches, obstacle course overcoming, hand-to-hand combat, and casualty evacuation. It has been underlined that the development of modern methods of physical training requires the integration of training technologies, personalization of workloads, and the use of simulation systems. It has been stated that the effectiveness of physical training is determined by the combination of traditional and modern forms of exercise aimed at developing strength, endurance, coordination, and stress resistance. It has been determined that the formation of physical readiness constitutes a component of the overall system of combat training, ensuring the ability to operate effectively in complex environments. It has been noted that the further development of physical training requires the individualization of the training process, taking into account the physiological and psychological characteristics of trainees. The necessity of introducing personalized training programs, monitoring systems, and combat environment modeling has been emphasized. It has been generalized that the systematic improvement of military-applied physical training is a prerequisite for enhancing the professional competence and combat readiness of future specialists.
Copyright (c) 2025 Вікторія КОНДРАТЕНКО, Віталій КОНДРАТЕНКО, Світлана ЧЕРЕВКО, Віктор РОДІНСЬКИЙ, Віра ДОРОШ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC HEMIPARETIC CEREBRAL PALSY
The article presents the results of a comprehensive functional assessment of children aged 6–12 years with cerebral palsy (CP) in the form of spastic hemiparesis, conducted at the preparatory stage prior to physical therapy to design an individually tailored rehabilitation program. Determining the baseline level of motor impairment is a key prerequisite for developing an effective rehabilitation strategy, as a detailed analysis of the structure of motor limitations enables the formulation of specific goals, priorities, and therapeutic means according to each child’s functional potential. To objectify the degree of gross and manual motor impairments, standardized classification systems GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) and MACS (Manual Ability Classification System) were employed, providing an integrated assessment of activity level and participation in motor tasks. To quantify manual dexterity, the Box and Block Test was used to determine the degree of motor asymmetry between the paretic and non-paretic upper limbs. Analysis of the obtained data made it possible to characterize the typical structure of impairments among children classified within levels I–III on the GMFCS and MACS scales, and to identify relationships between the severity of manual dysfunction, reduced motor dexterity, and increased asymmetry. No statistically significant differences were found between the main and control groups, confirming their homogeneity at the pre-intervention stage. The findings emphasize the diagnostic, prognostic, and practical significance of an in-depth functional assessment that combines classification-based and quantitative methods. This approach provides a scientifically grounded basis for personalized planning of physical therapy programs aimed at targeted restoration of motor functions and improvement of quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Мирослав ПРИШЛЯК, Зоряна КОРИТКО https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND INTERACTION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The article examines the effectiveness of communication skills and the interaction between the physical therapist and the patient as a key outcome of rehabilitation services. In particular, it analyzes the approaches to developing communication skills in higher education students, which include a combination of verbal and non-verbal communication. The features of communicative competence necessary for the professional activities of future specialists in the field of physical rehabilitation are defined. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the approaches to developing communication skills in university students, which is important for their further professional practice. The importance of mastering communication skills as a significant element of the interaction of physical (ergotherapy) therapists is emphasized, creating an atmosphere of trust and respect in which patients can actively participate in their recovery. The article examines in detail the components of verbal and non-verbal communication, their significance in the process of therapist-patient interaction. For example, verbal communication includes not just the transmission of information, but also the ability to listen, support the patient, and build trust. Non-verbal signals such as facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice also play an important role in the perception of information and emotional support for patients. The advantages of communication skills in the planning process of rehabilitation are substantiated, enabling the identification of step-by-step goals and the achievement of effective results. It has been established that a comprehensive approach to developing communication skills can significantly enhance the rehabilitation process for patients, promoting their active participation in the treatment process. Thus, the article underscores the necessity of integrating communication skills into educational programs for students preparing to work in the field of physical rehabilitation to improve the quality of medical service delivery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Галина КОНДРАЦЬКА, Оксана ПАВЛЮК https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
The physical fitness of young people, particularly those pursuing a degree in Physical Education and Sport, is a multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses the development of strength, endurance, speed, agility, flexibility, coordination, motor memory, and recovery capacity. An adequate level of these attributes is essential for the effective professional performance of coaches, educators, and physical activity organizers. The purpose of this study is to characterize the physical fitness level of future specialists in physical education and sport at the initial (ascertaining) stage of the research, identify key problematic aspects, and justify the need for the integration of innovative physical training programs into the educational process. The analysis revealed that most students demonstrated below-norm physical fitness indicators. Among female students, the highest results were observed only in speed tests (100-meter sprint and 4×9 m shuttle run), where 6.66% achieved an “excellent” rating, 86.68% – “good,” and 6.66% – “satisfactory,” indicating a predominantly average level of speed development. In the standing long jump, only 6.66% achieved excellent results, 63% – good, and over 30% – satisfactory, suggesting insufficient development of speed-strength abilities. The lowest performance was recorded in endurance tests, flexibility assessments, and tests of muscular endurance of the trunk and upper limbs. Male students also exhibited insufficient levels of endurance, flexibility, and upper body strength. Although they performed better in speed and agility tests, the proportion of those who achieved an “excellent” rating remained low. Overall, the integral assessment of physical fitness among both male and female students was below average, indicating limited functional reserves of the body.
specialists in physical culture and sports
Copyright (c) 2025 Валентина ТОДОРОВА, Євдокія ДРАЗІНА, Тетяна КОВАЛЬОВА https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Physical rehabilitation of patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a complex, structured, and scientifically grounded process aimed at restoring motor activity, preventing complications, and ensuring the long-term functional success of the surgical intervention. This process plays a decisive role in improving the patient’s quality of life, social adaptation, and ability to return to daily activities. Rehabilitation after THA is generally divided into three main stages: the early postoperative, subacute, and long-term phases. Each stage has its own goals, methods, and physiological rationale. During the early postoperative stage (2–6 weeks after surgery), the primary objectives include pain and edema reduction, prevention of thrombosis, contractures, and dislocations, and training patients in safe movement techniques using assistive devices. At this stage, isometric exercises for the quadriceps and gluteal muscles, passive joint mobilization, and respiratory gymnastics are commonly used to maintain general physical tone and support circulation. The subacute stage (6–12 weeks) marks the transition from static to dynamic and functional movements. According to contemporary research, including studies by Kovalova and Tsyba (2025) and Madara et al. (2019), an effective rehabilitation program at this phase should combine resistance exercises with elastic bands, training on cycling and balance machines, and post-isometric relaxation techniques to enhance muscle strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular coordination. The use of controlled progressive loading under the supervision of a physiotherapist helps reduce the risk of postoperative limping and compensatory movement patterns. In the long-term rehabilitation phase (beyond 12 weeks), the main focus is on balance training, gait correction, and restoration of symmetrical movement patterns. As demonstrated by Park and Kim (2023), exercises performed on unstable surfaces, treadmill walking (including backward walking), and training on elliptical machines significantly improve balance, coordination, and confidence in movement, thereby reducing the risk of falls. Long-term rehabilitation also contributes to psychological recovery, fostering patient motivation and independence. A synthesis of international studies confirms that systematic, individualized, and progressively intensified physical therapy programs yield the best outcomes. According to Minns Lowe et al. (2009) and Dipl-Vw et al. (2021), patients who regularly engage in guided rehabilitation sessions at least three times a week for several months demonstrate significant improvements in muscle strength, gait speed, and overall functional independence. Thus, physical rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty is not limited to physical exercise alone but represents an integrated process that combines biomechanical correction, education on safe load management, and continuous professional supervision. Such an approach ensures optimal recovery, reduces postoperative complications, and enhances patients’ long-term quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Оксана ГРИГОР https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0